Kingdom Tidings Newsletter

On Sunday 5th July the Anglo-Irish administration in the land used thousands of police and troops to prevent a peaceful parade of Orangemen, marching home from their Annual Church Service at Drumcree Church to the centre of Portadown. The fields around the Church resembled a scene from World War I with trenches, troops and barbed wire entanglements. All this to appease the Roman Catholic Nationalists of the Garvaghy Road, who were hell-bent on preventing Protestants following the route they have marched for almost 200 years. The real agenda was to face down Bible-believing, patriotic Protestants and to humiliate them in their own stronghold, which has borne the brunt of IRA terrorism. On one night alone police fired almost 500 plastic bullets, resulting in some twenty-eight injuries of a serious type with one Protestant girl losing an eye. As we go to press, protests continue nightly and a group of Orangemen led by Harold Gracey remain at Drumcree until their civil and religious liberties are restored.

You should make this a matter of urgent prayer, and those wishing to help financially should send gifts to:

On 15th August a bomb planted by the so-called "Real" IRA exploded in Omagh, killing 28 men, women and children and injuring some 200 others. Our sympathy goes out to the innocent victims, yet we know that all of this is the outworking of the recent "YES" vote. The tragedy has been exploited by ecumenical clergy and compromising politicians in order to advance their peace agenda of a United Ireland and Unity with Rorne. The blood of the innocent victims cries out for justice, and to understand why it happened we suggest you read ISAIAH 9 v. 13-16 and JEREMIAH 14 v. 13-15.

Killing the millennium bug is expected to cost world businesses and governments anywhere between $600 billion and $2 trillion (about $12 billion in Canada).

The millennium bug refers to January 1, 2000 (designated as Y2K), when many computers around the world will assume the day to be January 1, 1900, since they are programmed to identify years by their last two digits only. New computers are year-2000 compliant, meaning their internal clocks will have no problem rolling into the next century but older computers have clocks that use only two digits to record the year, which means the year 2000 will be recorded as "00", the same as 1900.

Imagine a bank notice warning that you've fallen a century behind in mortgage payments or Visa demanding 100 years worth of interest on your credit card balance.

The consequences of failure to correct the time-related technology in older computers is highlighted in the air travel industry, where the glitch could cause airline computer systems, from navigation systems to fuel injection pumps, to malfunction or stop.

The core of British Air Traffic Control systems, operated by the Civil Aviation Authority uses older model 4381 mainframe computers that aren't ready for the century change according to their maker, IBM. Experts and academics have already warned that time to fix the bug safely has run out.

KLM Royal Dutch Airlines has announced they may ground their aircraft on January 1, 2000 to avoid the possibility of disaster.

Possible malfunctions in computerised hospital equipment is of extraordinary concern.

In April, the federal health department (Health Canada) sent out 2,500 letters to manufacturers of high-tech medical devices, asking them to identify which ones use a date function, whether they meet so-called Y2K standards and what plans they have to bring existing equipment up to date. By late May only 120 had replied. Kevin Murray of Medical Devices Canada, which represents 100 of the largest medical device manufacturers said the industry knows it has a problem, but is concerned about legal liability. "If a piece of equipment fails and there is an injury, they are facing potential liability even if the equipment is 20 years old" he said.

Israel Aharoni, a former director of information technology at British Columbia Children's Hospital is concerned about biomedical equipment; everything from equipment used in labs to test blood, to heart-lung machines, to monitors in intensive care units. Electronic pulse-emitting equipment such as pacemakers and neuro-stimulators are not exempt from concern.

Premier Ralph Klein of Alberta hopes a $100 million infusion of new money will help health authorities to cure the millennium bug in Alberta hospitals. "Basically, unless we address this situation with significant dollars, lung machines and heart machines, MRIs and CAT scans will come to a halt," he said in mid-March. Donna Angus of the Capital Health Authority in Edmonton said, "it could affect far more than the information systems which manage patient records. It affects anything with a computer chip in it. It's all the higher tech stuff, anything that's got a clock ticking in it. Even the elevators."

Leonard Trisko, who chairs British Columbia's Year 2000 Implementation Task Force, doesn't see a disaster for British Columbia, but he admits to being concerned.

In British Columbia, 693 software applications used in one or more industries have been identified, about 470 of which have to be changed. Of these 233 are "mission critical" which means if they are not fixed, (it has been reported 148 have been fixed) something serious goes wrong ... employees and suppliers won't get paid, welfare cheques won't go out, sales taxes won't get collected, hospital services will break down.

"The year-2000 problem is capable of shutting down everything from your microwave oven to the Pentagon," writes William Boei, Vancouver Sun Business Reporter. He also reports, in the last few months Y2K specialists have become increasingly worried about a third wave of problems - embedded systems. The term refers to computers or microprocessors that control, monitor or help operate equipment, machinery and plants. There are billions in the world. A single industrial process may involve thousands of microprocessors. Many use internal clocks, calendars or timers and may stop working properly when the year 2000 hits.

"None of us operates in a vacuum - one weak link could break up the whole supply chain," observed John Willson, president of gold producer Placer Dome, who is concerned about underground elevators, moving men and equipment, possibly being halted if the date issue confuses the computer.

British Columbia government analyst Suzanne Mueller says, "Traffic lights go all red if they reach a condition they can't understand"

Computer experts hired to fix the federal government's Y2K problem say progress is so slow they can't guarantee federal computer systems will be ready on time. They estimate the repair costs could be up to $1.4 billion.

Peter de Jager, year-2000 prophet, recommends a drastic plan that would virtually put the government on hold. The bug may force the federal government to halt any initiatives that could delay setting up its computer system to avert a year-2000 crisis.

Some computer programs have already started to fail or make mistakes because many project into the future, whether comparing budgets or issuing pension cheques.

Revenue Canada used its computer to issue follow-up letters for corporate tax collections. It compiled a list of mailing dates for the year 2000. As a result the machine compiled a list of 20,000 corporations that had accounts in arrears for almost a century.

Charles Bickers, writing in the Far Eastern Economic Review, says Asian companies have largely ignored the potentially devastating problems posed by January 1, 2000.

"They seem to be either ignoring it, in denial - or maybe they think it will be fixed automatically," says Bob Hayward of Gartner Research Asia Pacific, an information technology consulting firm that specialised in year-2000 issues.

Moody's Investment Service is also concerned that Japanese bank executives don't appear to be taking the potential problems seriously. The failure of Japanese banks to deal with it may spell trouble for other banks that do business with them. ING Baring's Philip Menco warns of a domino effect.

Interest rate futures traders have found a way to make money from the millennium bug, betting computers at banks and securities firms will get confused when the calendar changes to 2000. Some traders are betting money market rates will skyrocket as the end of 1999 approaches because the supply of money will grow scarce as bankers become reluctant to make loans at the end of the century. Problems could start sooner than expected since computer pro- grams use 99 to denote infinity. It is possible some equipment could fail as early as January 1, 1999.

Another related date is September 9, 1999. For decades, programmers who need to enter a meaningless date - any date - in a default field have punched in all nines. So when 9-9-99 rolls around, what will all that software do?

Another of our recent technological advances, e-mail, is posing unexpected litigation dangers.

"People put things in e-mail that they would never dream of saying either on the phone or on paper," said Rick Sterling of Central Business Machines when addressing a national conference of administrators in Saskatoon in May. Information sent by e-mall is considered a corporate record with the same repercussions as any other piece of paper. If that message contains derogatory comments it can lead to legal action. Sterling used examples of litigation in the United States which cost corporations as much as $120 million as a result of bad e-mails.

With so much at stake, lawyers can't be far behind. It's predicted that the millennium battle will shift from computer screens to court- rooms in 2000. A Michigan supermarket has already filed suit after losing business when credit cards expiring in the year "00" were rejected. Class-action lawyers, especially in the US, where litigation is sport, are licking their chops.

While on the subject of credit card verifications, the private business network used for this activity were knocked out on Tuesday, May 19 when the Galaxy IV satellite malfunctioned. The satellite stopped relaying pager messages and media feeds to newspapers and brokerage houses as it tumbled out of position. Service was cut to 90% of the 42 million paging customers in the US.

No public explanation was made as to why the satellite tumbled out of its orbit. But it is worth noting that as a result of the report by astronomers of asteroid 1997FXII's orbit in March, it was agreed at NASA to keep comet and asteroid approaches secret for 72 hours.

It may be pure speculation that a heavenly body had anything to do with Galaxy IV's failure but it illustrates the vulnerability of our technological systems and in the months to come may pose as important a danger as the millennium bug in bringing global commerce to a standstill.

Gaylen Duncan, head of the Information Technology Association of Canada defined the urgency of the Y2K situation by making a macabre allusion to the Titanic. "The orchestra is playing. The iceberg has been hit. And there are not enough lifeboats."

Another commentator observed "it's a bit like planning for a very large earthquake. You don't know how ready you are until it hits."

The whole millennium bug scenario appears to me like probable collapse into Chaos!

Physicists are familiar with the Law of Entropy Increase which in layman's language expresses the proposition that everything will eventually fall apart, as explained by physicist Heina Pagels in his The Cosmic Code. We age, fruit rots, buildings crumble, systems fail, things don't work anymore, and it becomes such a mess no one can possibly straighten it out as it gets worse and worse,

The present world system is the order or arrangement under which Satan, prince of this world, has organised unbelieving mankind upon his principles of force, greed, selfishness, ambition and pleasure. It is an imposing power; cultured and elegant but seething with national, religious and commercial rivalries.

Prophecy predicts that the power of this system will be destroyed by the return of Our Lord in glory.

The time is rapidly approaching when Christ must return to clean house, establish His kingdom, institute His laws and His order, and get humanity back on track,

Jesus said (St. John 12:31) "Now is the judgement of this world (Greek. kosmos - world system): now shall the prince of this world be cast out."

He also said (St. John 16:33) "In the world (Greek. kosmos - world system) ye shall have tribulation (Greek. thlipsis - pressures, affliction): but be of good cheer (Greek. tharseo - take courage); I have overcome the world (Greek. kosmos - world system)."

Be of good cheer indeed - can you imagine a world, without greed, selfishness and all the other disagreeable attributes of Satan? Alleluia!

We thank the A. C.P and Thy Kingdom Come Magazine - 7730 Edmonds St Burnaby, BC, Canada for permission to reprint this article.

A Jewish Judge in Palm Beach County Florida U.S.A. - one Stephen Cohen refuses to sign any documents with the designation A.D. Cohen says that the abbreviation for Anno Domini - the year of the Lord - is offensive to Jews. Is changing the date to be the next step in obliterating the cultural heritage of the Western Christian nations of the world.

Meanwhile the Red Cross acting under pressure is now frantically seeking to find a replacement symbol that will not be offensive, and so the Jewish Mogen David can be accepted into the world-wide agency. The Red Cross is seeking for a "culturally neutral" symbol. The Friends of the Mogen David Adam (M.D.A.) are pushing for the Red Cross to be replaced by a "red diamond" so as not to offend the Jews. The Moslems of the Red Crescent will not be so foolish as to let their symbol go.

"What happened to Cain?" is a question in the minds of many believers and non-believers as well. The Bible does not trace Cain very far, and yet the fact is that Cain is a definite historical character of whom you can learn as much outside the Bible as you can from the Bible itself. Do not let anyone tell you that these Old Testament people are myths. They are not. They are definitely a part of history. The Bible states that Adam and Eve were expelled from the Garden of Eden; EASTWARD, evidenced by the Cherubim being placed at the east of the Garden to guard it against their possible return. If they had gone to the south or to the west, guards at the eastside would not have meant a thing. Obviously, they went to the east; and as we learned when we were studying Noah's flood, Adam's migration actually took him and Eve into the Tarim Basin, in what is today called Sinkiang, in the extreme south western part of China. The migration undoubtedly took a considerable period of time as it was a very long way to walk, but they had time in those days, for Adam lived over 900 years.

In the area where they settled, Eve gave birth to two children: Cain and Abel. Much is lost in the mistranslation in your King James Version. Genesis 3:15 establishes the theme of the entire Bible, and all the rest of it is a development of that theme. It is also a history of our Israel people. Eventually, God called before Him, Adam, Eve and Satan to give an accounting of their misdeeds. Please do not get the idea, as your King James version and all the traditional translations tell you, that Satan was a snake - a long scaly thing, wriggling along the ground, because that is not what the Hebrew says. The word they mistranslated snake is "nachash"(naw-khawsh) whose root meaning is "enchanter" or "magician."

Political correctness has received a slap in the face recently from a number of archaeological discoveries in the Orient which indicate that the founders of many Eastern civilisations, which are so revered by trendy New Age types who despise anything White and European, were in fact racial Aryans. One famous example is the country of Iran, which takes its name from its original conquerors; until 1978 one of the many formal titles of the Shah was "Lord of the Aryans." It has long been known that around the first century A.D. the north west part of China was inhabited by a Caucasian people who spoke a language called by scholars Tocharian. In the early part of this century, French and German archaeologists, who were excavating in the north west provinces, discovered extensive written manuscripts in this language and when they had cracked the code -so to speak - they were astonished at the similarities between this supposedly isolated Oriental tongue and ancient Germanic and Celtic languages.

Now the PC academic and scientific establishment who want to rewrite history to make it "Afrocentric" and get rid of "dead White European males" have received another kick in the pants from the truth. Recent excavations in the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang province have uncovered more than 100 naturally mummified corpses of people who lived there between 4,000 and 2,400 years ago, INDICATING THAT THE ARYAN INCURSION INTO ASIA WAS IN FACT FAR EARLIER AND FAR MORE EXTENSIVE THAN ANYONE PREVIOUSLY BELIEVED.

The bodies were amazingly well preserved by the arid climate, and according to the New York Times "...archaeologists could hardly believe what they saw." The mummies had long noses and skulls, blond or red hair, thin lips, deep-set eyes, and other unmistakably Aryan features. Dr. Victor H. Mair of the University of Pennsylvania said,

"Because the Tarim Basin Caucasoid corpses are almost certainly representatives of the Indo-European family and because they date from a time period early enough to have a bearing on the expansion of the Indo-European people from their home land, it is thought that they will play a crucial role in determining just where that might have been."

[Our own understanding is that the ancient home land of Cain's people was by the shores of Lake Baikal in what is now Russia, from whence Cain began his migrations untold millennia ago when his people were all one nation known as "The Children of the Sun". As to where he came from before he was hanging around the lake, we believe that these people were descendants of Cain who was the son of Adam, who was also a white man]

One such mummy of a teenaged girl with blond hair and blue eyes, found in a cave, has become quite a tourist attraction in Beijing. She has been nicknamed "The Lady of Tarim" and she is on display to throngs of museum visitors in the Chinese capital. Apparently she was a princess or a priestess of some kind over 3,000 years ago, for she was buried in fine embroidered garments of wool and leather, along with beautiful jewellery, jars and ornaments of gold, silver, jade and onyx. Her remains are in such a remarkable state of preservation that the dead girl looks as if she were just sleeping.

Diffusionism can now be taken seriously again," chortled one historian, Michael Puett of Harvard. "Diffusionism" is the theory that the ostensibly advanced Middle Eastern and Oriental civilisations of the ancient world all benefitted from contact with Aryan migrants, merchants, wandering tribes and acquired much of their knowledge and attributes from these contacts. This theory can actually explain quite a lot about history from the Indo-European roots of the Hindustani language to the Quetzalcoatl legend of the Aztecs to the mysterious ruins of Zimbabwe which were so clearly never built by Blacks. Diffusionism has been replaced over the past twenty years by the new Politically Correct dogma of "independent invention", which holds that there was no contact at all between White people and any Asian or pre-Columbian civilisation, or if there was it was bad because all White males are "imperialist exploiters". The PC theory teaches that EVERYTHING in ancient "non-White" societies was invented by the indigenous population - EVERYTHING WITHOUT EXCEPTION . There were no ideas or influence from European contact, nothing good or beneficial at all even if there was any "White" contact, which there wasn't because White males are not the world-exploring hotshots they are supposed to be, so there! I guess we made up Leif Ericcson and Magellan was really a monkoid. Don't laugh! We have heard both of those idiocies advanced seriously by "Afrocentric historians."

According to the independent invention theory, the list of things "non-Whites" have independently invented includes the dozens of Asiatic dialects from Hindu to Punjabi to Uighur, all clearly based on a common Aryan root language; pure coincidence, say the PC professors! The agricultural techniques of the Aztecs and Incas such as crop rotation and terrace farming, so similar to ancient Roman and medieval European practices - bah, say the intellectual gangsters of liberalism, the Indians made it up themselves!

The Mayan pyramids and calendar and astronomy, almost duplicates of Greek and Egyptian knowledge (Egyptians who were NOT in any way, shape or form Negroes!) those are all products of the brilliant Mayan civilisation alone, according to the official line. The same Mayan predilection for cannibalism and sacrificing young children by drowning them in sacred wells is ignored.

The blue eyes and broken Welsh language of Missouri's Mandan Indians, the Celtic-style megaliths and stone round towers of New England, the Viking ruins of L'Anse Aux Meadow in Newfoundland, the runic inscriptions on Connecticut's Dighton Rock and the Minnesota Kensington stone, Shaka the Zulu's organisation of his impis based on Napoleon's system which he got from a French hunter and trader who was a Napoleonic veteran, the stone ruins of Zimbabwe so utterly unlike anything ever found anywhere else in Black Africa and resembling nothing so much as a Bronze Age Celtic fort, the long Aryan features of the Easter Island statues, all these bear witness but---nyet, no, nada, nein, no way! - according to the left-wing academic establishment, NOTHING was ever learned by "non-Whites" from contact between Third World cultures and Aryan man. How PC academia will explain away those hundred blond-haired, blue-eyed mummies from China I don't know, but I'm sure it will be good. Looks like us Children of the Sun got around in the old days.

In the dry hills of this central Asian province, archaeologists have unearthed more than 100 corpses that are as much as 4,000 years old - astonishingly well-preserved and Caucasian. One glimpse of the corpses was enough to shock Victor Mair profoundly. In 1987, Mair, a professor of Chinese at the University of Pennsylvania, was leading a tour group through a museum in the Chinese city of Urumqi, in the central Asian province of Xinjiang, when he accidentally strayed into a gloomy, newly opened room. There, under glass, lay the recently discovered corpses of a family - a man, a woman, and a child of two or three - each clad in long, dark purple woollen garments and felt boots. "Even today I get chills thinking about that first encounter," says Mair. "The Chinese said they were 3,000 years old, yet the bodies looked as if they were buried yesterday."

But the real shock came when Mair looked closely at their faces. In contrast to most central Asian peoples, these corpses had obvious Caucasian or European, features - blond hair, long noses, deep-set eyes, and long skulls. "I was thunderstruck," Mair recalls. "Even though I was supposed to be leading a tour group, I just couldn't leave that room. The questions kept nagging at me: Who were these people? How did they get out here at such an early date?" The corpses Mair saw that day were just a few of more than 100 dug up by Chinese archaeologists over the past 16 years. All of them are astonishingly well preserved. They come from four major burial sites scattered between the arid foothills of the Tian Shan ("Celestial Mountains") in north west China and the fringes of The Taklimakan Desert, some 150 miles due south. All together, these bodies, dating from about 2000 B.C. to 300 B.C. constitute a significant addition to the world's catalogue of prehistoric mummies. Unlike the roughly contemporaneous mummies of ancient Egypt, the Xinjiang mummies were not rulers or nobles; they were not interred in pyramids or other similar monuments nor were they subjected to deliberate mummification procedures. They were preserved merely by being buried in the parched, stony desert, where daytime temperatures often soar over 100 degrees. In the heat the bodies were quickly dried, with facial hair, skin and other tissues remaining largely intact. Where exactly did these apparent Caucasians come from? And what were they doing at remote desert oases in central Asia? Any answers to these questions will most likely fuel a wide-ranging debate about the role outsiders played in the rise of Chinese civilisation. As far back as the second century B.C., Chinese texts refer to alien peoples called the Yuezhi and the Wusun, who lived on China's far-western borders; the texts make it clear that these people were regarded as troublesome "barbarians."

Until recently, scholars have tended to downplay evidence of any early trade or contact between China and the West, regarding the development of Chinese civilisation as an essentially home grown affair sealed off from outside influences; indeed, this view is still extremely congenial to the present Chinese regime. Yet some archaeologists have begun to argue that these supposed barbarians might have been responsible for introducing into China such basic items as the wheel and the first metal objects.

Exactly who these central Asian outsiders might have been, however - what language they spoke and where they came from - is a puzzle. No wonder, then that scholars see the discovery of the blond mummies as a sensational new clue. Although Mair was intrigued by the mummies, the political climate of the late 1980s (the Tiananmen Square massacre occurred in 1989) guaranteed that any approach to Chinese archaeological authorities would be fraught with difficulties. So he laid the riddle to one side as he returned to his main area of study, the translation and analysis of ancient Chinese texts.

Then, in September 1991, the discovery of the Ice-Man's corpse, dried by the wind and then buried by a glacier, reminded Mair of the desiccated mummies in the Urumqi museum. And he couldn't help wondering whether some of the scientific detective methods now being applied to the Ice Man, including DNA analysis of the preserved issue, could help solve the riddle of Xinjiang. With China having become more receptive to outside scholars, Mair decided to launch a collaborative investigation with Chinese scientists. He contacted Xinjiang's leading archaeologist, Wang Binghua, who had found the first of the mummies in 1978. Before Wang's work in the region, evidence of early settlements was virtually unknown. In the late 1970s, though, Wang had begun a systematic search for ancient cites in the north east corner of Xinjiang Province. "He knew that ancient peoples would have located their settlements along a stream to have a reliable source of water," says Mair.

As he followed one such stream from its source in the Tian Shan, says Mair, Wang would ask the local inhabitants whether hey had ever found any broken bowls, wooden artefacts, or the like. Finally one older man told him of a place locals called Qizilchoqa, or "Red Hillock." It was here that the first mummies were unearthed. This was also the first site visited last summer by Mair and his collaborator, Paolo Francalacci, an anthropological geneticist at the University of Sassari in Italy.

Reaching Qizilchoqa involved a long, arduous drive east from Urumqi. For a day and a half Mair, Wang, and their colleagues bounced inside four-wheel-drive Land Cruisers cross rock-strewn dirt roads from one oasis to the next. Part of their journey eastward followed China's Silk Road, the ancient trade route that evolved in the second century B.C. and connected China to the West. Finally they reached the village of Wupu; goats scattered as the vehicles edged their way through the back streets. Next to the village was a broad green ravine, and after the researchers had manoeuvered their way into it, the sandy slope of the Red Hillock suddenly became visible. "It wasn't much to look at," Mair recalls, "about 20 acres on a gentle hill ringed by barbed wire. There's a brickwork shed where tools are stored and the visiting archaeologists sleep. But you could spot the shallow depressions in the sand where the graves were." As Mair watched, Wang's team began digging up several previously excavated corpses that had been reburied for lack of adequate storage facilities at the Urumqi museum. Mair didn't have to, wait long, just a couple of feet below the sand, the archaeologists came across rush matting and wooden logs covering a burial chamber with mud bricks. Mair was surprised by the appearance of the logs: they looked as if they had just been chopped down. Then the first mummy emerged from the roughly six-foot-deep pit. For Mair the moment was nearly as charged with emotion as that first encounter in the museum. "When you're standing right next to these bodies, as well preserved as they are, you feel a sense of personal closeness to them," he says. "It's almost supernatural - you feel that somehow life persists even though you're looking at a dried-out corpse."

Mair and Francalacci spent the day examining the corpses, with Francalacci taking tissue samples to identify the genetic origins of the corpses. "He took small samples from unexposed areas of the bodies,' says Mair, "usually from the inner thighs or underarms. We also took a few bones, usually pieces of rib that were easy to break off, since bone tends to preserve the DNA better than muscle tissue or skin." Francalacci wore a face mask and rubber gloves to avoid contaminating the samples with any skin flakes that would contain his own DNA. The samples were placed in collection jars, sealed, and labelled; Mair made a photographic and written record of the collection. So far 113 graves have been excavated at Qizilchoqa; probably an equal number remain to be explored. Based on carbon-14 dating by the Chinese and on the style of painted pots found with the corpses, all the mummies here appear to date from around 1200 B.C. Most were found on their backs with their knees drawn up - a position that allowed the bodies to fit into the small burial chambers. They are fully clothed in brightly coloured woollen fabrics, felt and leather boots, and sometimes leather coats.

The men generally have light brown or blond hair, while the women have long braids; one girl has blue tattoo marks on her wrist. Besides pottery, resting alongside them are simple items from everyday life: combs made of wood, needles of bone, spindle whorls for spinning thread, hooks, bells, loaves of bread, and other food offerings. The artefacts provide further proof that these were not the burial sites of the wealthy: had the graves been those of aristocrats, laden with precious bronzes, they probably would have been robbed long ago.

However, Wang and his colleagues have found some strange if not aristocratic, objects in the course of their investigations in Xinjiang. At a site near the town of Subashi 310 miles west of Qizilchoqa that dates from about the fifth century B.C., they unearthed a woman wearing a two-foot-long black felt peaked hat with a flat brim.

Though modern Westerners may find it tempting to identify the hat as the headgear of a witch, there is evidence that pointed hats were widely worn by both women and men in some central Asian tribes. For instance, around 520 B.C., the Persian king Darius recorded a victory over the "Sakas of the pointed hats"; also, in 1970 in Kazakhstan, just over China's western border, the grave of a man from around the same period yielded a two-foot-tall conical hat studded with magnificent gold-leaf decorations. The Subashi woman's formidable headgear, then, might be an ethnic badge or a symbol of prestige and influence. Subashi lies a good distance from Qizilchoqa, and its site is at least seven centuries younger, yet the bodies and their clothing are strikingly similar. In addition to the "witch's hat," clothing found there included fur coats and leather mittens; the Subashi women also held bags containing small knives and herbs, probably for use as medicines. A typical Subashi man, said by the Chinese team to be at least 55 years old, was found lying next to the corpse of a woman in a shallow burial chamber. He wore a sheepskin coat, felt hat, and long sheepskin boots fastened at the crotch with a belt. Another Subashi man has traces of a surgical operation on his neck; the incision is sewn up with sutures made of horsehair. Mair was particularly struck by this discovery because he knew of a Chinese text from the third century A.D. describing the life of Huatuo, a doctor whose exceptional skills were said to have included the extraction and repair of diseased organs.

The text also claims that before surgery, patients drank a mixture of wine and an anaesthetising powder that was possibly derived from opium. Huatuo's story is all the more remarkable in that the notion of surgery was heretical to ancient Chinese medical tradition, which taught that good health depended on the balance and flow of natural forces throughout the body. Mair wonders if the Huatuo legend might relate to some lost Asian medical tradition practised by the Xinjiang people. One clue is that the name Huatuo is uncommon in China and seems close to the Sanskrit word for medicine.

THE WOOLLEN GARMENTS WORN BY THE MUMMIES MAY provide some clue to where exactly the Xinjiang people came from. A sample of cloth brought back by Mair was examined by University of Pennsylvania anthropologist Irene Good, a specialist in early Eurasian textiles. Examining the cloth under a low-power microscope, she saw that the material was not, strictly speaking, wool at all. Wool comes from the undercoat of a sheep- this material appeared to have been spun from the coarse outer hair (called kemp) of a sheep or goat. Despite the crudeness of the fibres, they were carefully dyed green, blue, and brown to make a plaid design. They were also woven in a diagonal twill pattern that indicated the use of a rather sophisticated loom. The overall technique, Good believes, is "characteristically European" and, she says, the textile is "the easternmost known example of this kind of weaving technique." Similar textile fragments, she notes, have been recovered from roughly the same time period at sites in Germany, Austria, and Scandinavia.

Another hint of outside connections struck Mair as he roamed across Qizilchoqa. Crossing an unexcavated grave, he stumbled upon an exposed piece of wood, which he quickly realised had once belonged to a wagon wheel. The wheel was made in a simple but distinctive way, by doweling together three carved, parallel wooden planks. This style of wheel is significant: wagons with nearly identical wheels are known from the grassy plains of the Ukraine from as far back as 3000 B.C.

Most researchers now think the birthplace of horse drawn vehicles and horse riding was in the steppes east and west of the Urals rather than in China or the Near East. As archaeologist David Anthony and his colleagues have shown through microscopic study of ancient horse teeth, horses were already being harnessed in the Ukraine 6,000 years ago. The Ukraine horses, Anthony found, show a particular kind of tooth wear identical to that of modern horses that "fight the bit."

The world's earliest high-status vehicles also seem to have originated in the steppes; recent discoveries of wooden chariots with elaborate spoked-wheels were reported by Anthony to date to around 2000 B.C. Chariots do not seem to have appeared in China until some 800 years later. A number of artefacts recovered from the Xinjiang burials provide important evidence for early horse riding. Qizilchoqa yielded a wooden bit and leather reins, a horse-whip consisting of a single strip of leather attached to a wooden handle, and a wooden cheek piece with leather straps. This last object was decorated with an image of the sun that was probably religious in nature and that was also found tattooed on some of the mummies.

And at Subashi, archaeologists discovered a padded leather saddle of exquisite workmanship. Could the Xinjiang people have belonged to a mobile, horse-riding culture that spread from the plains of eastern Europe? Does this explain their European appearance? If so, could they have been speaking an ancient forerunner of modern European, Indian, and Iranian languages?

Though the idea is highly speculative, a number of archaeologists and linguists think the spread of Indo-European languages may be linked to the gradual spread of horse-riding and horse-drawn- vehicle technology from its origins in Europe 6,000 years ago. The Xinjiang mummies may help confirm these speculations. Intriguingly, evidence of a long-extinct language belonging to the Indo- European family does exist in central Asia. This language, known as Tocharian, is recorded in manuscripts from the eighth century A.D., and solid evidence for its existence can be found as far back as the third century. Tocharian inscriptions from this period are also found painted in caves in the foothills of the mountain west of Urumqi, along with paintings of swash-buckling knights wielding long swords. The knights are depicted with full red beards and European faces.

Could the Xinjiang people have been their ancestors, speaking an early version of Tocharian? "My guess is that they would have been speaking some form of Indo-European," comments Don Ringe, a historical linguist at the University of Pennsylvania, "but whether it was an early form of Tocharian or some other branch of the family, such as Indo-Iranian, we may never know for sure." Perhaps a highly distinctive language would help explain why the Xinjiang people's distinctive appearance and culture persisted over so many centuries. Eventually they might well have assimilated with the local population - the major ethnic group in the area today, the Uygur, includes people with unusually fair hair and complexions.

That possibility will soon be investigated when Mair, Francalacci, and their Chinese colleagues compare DNA from ancient mummy tissue with blood and hair samples from local people. Besides the riddle of their identity, there is also the question of what these fair-haired people were doing in a remote desert oasis. Probably never wealthy enough to own chariots, they nevertheless had wagons and well-tailored clothes. Were they mere goat and sheep farmers? Or did they profit from or even control prehistoric trade along the route that later became the Silk Road? If so, they probably helped spread the first wheels and certain metalworking skills into China.

"Ultimately I think our project may end up having tremendous implications for the origins of Chinese civilisation," Mair reflects. "For all their incredible inventiveness, the ancient Chinese weren't cut off from the rest of the world, and influences didn't just flow one way, from China westward." Unfortunately, economics dictates that answers will be slow incoming. The Chinese do not have the money to spare for this work, and Wang and his team continue to operate on a shoestring. Currently most of the corpses and artefacts are stored in a damp, crowded basement room at the Institute of Archaeology in Urumqi, in conditions that threaten their continued preservation. If Mair's plans for a museum can be financed with Western help, perhaps the mummies can be moved. Then, finally, they'll receive the study and attention that will ultimately unlock their secrets.

We find the following from the Second College Edition, New World Dictionary of the American Language, p. 1300: re the word "serpent" 1. A snake, especially a large or poisonous one. 2. A sly, sneaking, treacherous person. 3. Bible Satan, in the form he assumed to tempt Eve. 4. Music - an obsolete, coiled, brass wind instrument of wood covered with leather. The American Dictionary of the English Language, by Noah Webster 1828, Facsimile First Edition, published by the Foundation For American Christian Education relates that "serpent" means among others: a subtle or malicious person.

Remember that while Satan was expelled from heaven and his wings clipped considerably, he nonetheless retained possession of a good deal of his angelic powers. We do not doubt in the least that he could qualify as an enchanter or magician. He could probably do card tricks, and the like of that, better than our stage magicians of today. In the course of time, his children (and we do mean children, just as the Bible says) came to adopt the serpent as a symbol, an emblem of their father. Over a period of centuries, the word was given a secondary meaning of "serpent" which was not its basic meaning. One could be misled, if one did not know the correct meaning and read in American history that in the latter 1870's a battalion of cavalry of the American Army under the leadership of General Custer were all massacred by a male bovine animal, a cow's husband, who remained in a seated position throughout the battle - in other words, "Sitting Bull." On the contrary, you know he was an Indian Chief, but you wouldn't guess it from the name. Similarly, you can get mixed up in some of these things when inaccurately translated in the Bible, unless you know their true meaning.

Cain murdered Abel and was expelled from that region. Referring back to Genesis 3:15 (and this is before Cain comes on the scene) God said to Satan, "I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed.. "

Seed: #2233 zera` (zeh'-rah); from 2232; seed; figuratively, fruit, plant, sowing-time, POSTERITY: KJV: carnally, CHILD, fruitful, seed (-time), sowing-time.

a) a sowing b) seed c) semen virile d) OFFSPRING, DESCENDANTS, POSTERITY, CHILDREN e) used of moral quality; a practitioner of righteousness (figurative) f) sowing time (by metonymy)

Notice: The same word (zera) is used in both instances of the use of the word seed, "her seed" and "Satan's seed." In the idiom of the Hebrew language "seed" and "fruit" are used not only to literally mean grain and the fruit that grows on the tree, but is also used quite regularly to refer to the descendants of people. The same Hebrew word for "seed" was used, as we said, in both referring to Satan and to Eve. SATAN WAS TO HAVE JUST AS LITERAL CHILDREN AS WAS EVE!

God, then, goes on to say, "...it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel." In other words you have here in the Bible the first recorded promise of the coming of The Redeemer (Revelation 13:8):

"And all that dwell upon the earth shall worship him, whose names are not written in the book of life of the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world." See also Matthew 25:34; John 17:24; Ephesians 1:4; Hebrews 4:3; 9:21 and I Peter 1:20)

Evidently God went on to tell them a great deal more than that, which the Bible does not at that point record. Abel brought as his offering the Blood Sacrifice; whereas Cain, who also had flocks and herds, though he was primarily a farmer, brought fruits and vegetables and dumped them down as much as to say to God, "Well, landlord, here's your crop rent." And then he wondered why his offering was not acceptable to God!

In the Book of Hebrews it tells us that by faith, Abel offered a better sacrifice than Cain. One cannot have faith in something they have never heard about. Therefore, Abel must have been told the significance of the Blood Offering; that the penalty of sin is death, which must be paid either by the individual or by the death of another in his/her place. And God, quite obviously, went further than that. Paraphrasing, He told Eve, "I am going to come in the form of one of your descendants and be The Redeemer who will pay the penalty of death on your behalf, so that you may have life instead of the death penalty that your sins have earned."

In the King James Version there is another mistranslation. When Cain was born, Eve is quoted as saying, "I have gotten a man from the Lord,"(Genesis 4:1) which is not what the Hebrew says. In Hebrew, the name of God is Yahweh; in the Hebrew, that same verse quotes Eve as saying, "I have gotten a man, even Yahweh." Earlier, God as much as said, "I am going to be the animating spirit in one of your descendants." So, here she is guilty of wishful thinking, as on occasions we all are. In essence, she said, "Well, I've born a child so here He is. We are going to have the Redemption right now, instead of after a long time." We know how mistaken she was; because, as we have explained before, one can prove from the Bible that Cain was in actual fact a descendant of Satan.

Cain murdered Abel and he was driven out "from the face of the earth." In the King James Version it quotes Cain as saying to God, "Behold, thou hast driven me out this day from the face of the earth." (Genesis 4:14) The implication here seems to be that he climbed into his rocket ship and went off into inter-stellar space, which of course, we know, is not what happened. He did not say you have driven me "off" the face of the earth. The word earth, used there, happens to be "adamah" which means merely "the ground," but it had a little deeper significance. He had been a farmer, and God told him that as a curse upon him, the land, the ground, "which hath opened her mouth to receive thy brother's blood from thy hand...shall not henceforth yield unto thee her strength..." (Genesis 4:11-12). To this day who ever saw a Jewish farmer? Go out and search the farming districts for them. Plenty of them run pawn shops, but how many can you find running farms or ranches? The reading in the Hebrew of these verses should be (Genesis 4:13-17)

"And Cain said unto Yahweh Great is my iniquity beyond bearing: behold thou hast driven me out this day from the face of the land and from thy face I shall be hidden and I shall become unsettled and wandering on the earth; and it will come to pass anyone finding me will kill me."

If, as the churches teach, Adam was the first human being of any sort, then no one was left alive at this stage except Adam and Eve (who were not going to kill Cain) and Cain himself. Yet, he expected to be killed in the immediate future when he ran into someone. This is simply another instance of the Bible's recognition, in several places, of the existence of pre-Adamic races.

The next verse says, "...and Yahweh said unto him, Therefore, anyone killing Cain, sevenfold shall he be avenged, and Yahweh made for Cain a sign in order that anyone find him would not kill him. And Cain went out from before Yahweh and settled in the Land of Wandering." The King James Version give the Hebrew word "nod" but it means wandering; eastward of Eden.

Strong's Concordance #5113 Nowd (node); the same as 5112; vagrancy; Nod, the land of Cain: KJV-- Nod.

#5110 nuwd (nood) a primitive root: to nod, i.e. waver; figuratively, to wander, flee, disappear; also (from shaking the head in sympathy), to console, deplore, or (from tossing the head in scorn) taunt: KJV-- bemoan, flee, get, mourn, make to move, take pity, remove, shake, skip for joy, be sorry, vagabond, way, wandering.

Brown-Divers-Biggs Definitions: #5113 Nowd-Nod = "wandering"; land to which Cain fled or wandered after the murder of Abel. It goes on to read (verse 17), "And Cain knew his wife (Where did he get a wife if there was not anyone else on earth in those days?) And she conceived and bare Enoch: and he builded a city." So, there were enough people on hand not only to furnish him a wife but to build a city under his direction; "and called the name of the city, after the name of his son, Enoch." Cain, in his wandering, travelled to and built his city in the Tigris-Euphrates Valley district.

The characteristic of rivers in mountainous countries is to run very swiftly when flowing down comparatively steep slopes; they cut deep narrow channels and they pick up debris from sand to gravel of various sizes, which is carried along down stream in the swift flowing water. Then, as the stream becomes gentler with the water flowing more slowly, first, the heavier debris, gravel and sand settles out, and then even the fine silt begins settling out. The channel becomes broad and shallow instead of deep and narrow. We find the same thing in the Nile Valley; our own Imperial Valley, in California, was formed in the same way. So, whenever the flood season comes each year, there is more water coming down than this very shallow channel can carry. The waters overflow their channel and flood the lowlands on each side. This is the way it was in the lower Tigris-Euphrates Valley. In ancient times, upper portions of this valley was called Akkad, the lower part, Sumer; it also had another name, Shinar, which means brushy; because the land was brush-covered, except where cleared away by men for cultivation, just as much of California and Texas is brush-covered. The rivers overflowed their banks every flood season and would drive the people out. In between flood seasons, they could plant crops, anything maturing quickly enough to be harvested before the next flood season. Then the overflow would drive them out again.

Evidently Cain was a man of great ability and great intelligence. He taught them something they probably vaguely realised they should do, but they did not have what it took to get organised and do it. He taught them to build dikes, to make embankments along the sides of the river channel, just as we have along the Mississippi River valley; dikes which would hold the rivers within their channels even during the flood season, all of which stopped it from being a "land of wandering." This enabled them to build their cities with the assurance that they would not be washed away during the next flood season. To this day you can find traces of ancient embankments by which the river channels were protected.

There is a group of languages spoken from the Persian Gulf and the Zagros mountains west to the Mediterranean, which are all related in their origin. Today we have four major languages, all derived from the Latin. They are French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. They have their differences but all show their basic derivations from Latin. A man who knows any one of these languages could probably take a newspaper written in one of the other languages and fairly well puzzle out what is meant. Similarly, during this period there were a group of languages, referred to as the Semitic dialects. There was the old Sumerian, and later, geographically the most important of the lot: Aramaic. In the Book of Daniel it is called "Syriac" but this is another name for the same language. Aramaic was spoken over a vast area and it is even today a living language spoken by some people in Syria. It is also the language, which Christ spoke because that is the language the people about Him could understand. It was their contemporary language, as the old classical Hebrew had become, at that time, pretty much of a dead language. The scholars knew it, like they today know Latin and Greek, but the common people did not speak it. So there was the old Sumerian, the much more important Aramaic, and Hebrew. The Phoenician Cities spoke another dialect, a Semitic dialect, rather closely related to Hebrew, as they should - being Israelites.

In Hebrew, they called the city after Cain's sons' name, Enoch. An actual city was built with a name so close to that, that the only difference is the difference between the two languages. In the lower Tigris-Euphrates Valley, now named Sumeria, the civilisation was very ancient. In fact, it undoubtedly goes back to the first chapter of Genesis. Some of their records date the beginning of their own settlement there from about 14,000B.C and their records of astronomical occurrences would seem to bear this out.

The important events were noted in the chronicles of all the ancient peoples - in fact, this is the only way we have been able to work out any kind of synchronisation of ancient history. They had no general date scale like our own, as we say this is the year 1998 A.D. But in each kingdom the records would show that something occurred on the 11th day of the 8th month of the 14th year of the reign of king somebody-or-other. Then, when he died, they started it all over again, with the first day of the first month of the first year of king somebody-else. They noted in these records important events, such as their wars and this is one way in which we have been able to work out a synchronisation of ancient history. When the records of ancient Babylonia show a war with Egypt, which the records of Egypt also show, we can learn that the 15th year of king so-and-so of Babylonia was the same as the 8th year of Pharaoh somebody-else of Egypt. One other thing they did was to record the major eclipses, total or nearly total eclipses, of the sun; and with this one can calculate to the exact day when such an eclipse would be visible in that locality. This is not a matter of guesswork; however, you do have to know the astronomical cycle to work it out. The fact that records go way back, thousands of years before Adam, correctly showing these cycles when the eclipses occurred, seem to lend a fair amount of truth to them. At any rate, we have their current records and we do not mean records where they say that this city was settled so many thousands of years ago.

We are talking about their, then current record of the events of the time when they were written. We have their current records from about 4500 B.C., or about 500 years before Adam. For example, the records of Enshagkushana the King of Kengi which was a city in Sumer, mentions that he was also "patesi" (priest) of Enlil in the city of Nippur. This record itself dates back to around 4500 B.C, It also mentions the city of Kish and Gursey.

Alusharshad the King of Kish about 4000 B.C., left records in which he claimed to be King of the World, which was, as we may note, a rather substantial exaggeration. So, when Cain moved into that locality, he found a civilisation already in existence with quite extensive commerce reaching clear to the Mediterranean Sea but apparently it needed some more of his engineering skill. The geological evidences that are found indicate that the entire area there, including some of the Arabian Desert, was a luxuriant well-watered grassland, with abundant grazing animals living on it. There were also trees in abundance (and that sort of thing) up to around 4500 B.C., when the climatic change began over a period of perhaps 500 years or so, extending down to say, roughly, 4000 B.C. There was a gradual drying up of the area and instead of being a Nomadic people able to live like the American Indians, when they followed the herds of the buffalo, these people had to settle down in the river valleys and see to it that their crops were planted, irrigated and harvested.

In this lower Tigris-Euphrates Valley, these two great rivers brought enormous loads of silt year around, carried down from their upper reaches, where they were running swiftly. The Valley of the Nile is famous for the fine silt soil. In the Imperial Valley, one can find the same kind of rich silt, left there by the Colorado River, and the Mississippi Delta is another. This beautiful, fine silt soil, and perhaps nowhere in the world is there a clay so perfectly adapted to the making of tile and bricks as this clay silt of the Tigris and Euphrates Valley. Into this scene of ancient civilisation comes a definite historical character. Not just somebody that people centuries later wrote about, but a man who left his own records which are in our museums today, and that is Sargon the First, Sargon the Magnificent. (Two Babylons) This is not the Sargon who is mentioned in your Bible, a King of Assyria back in 722 to 725B.C., a son of Shalmaneser and father of Sennacherib, kings of Assyria. He simply borrowed the name of this hero of many thousands of years before. The Bible does not mention the original Sargon under the name of Sargon. In a single reign, somewhere in the period between 3800 and 4000 B.C., Sargon the Magnificent built up this enormous empire. In the ancient records his name is found in several various forms, depending upon the language in which his name happens to appear; Sumerian, Akkadian or Babylonian, but definitely referring to the same man in each of these different languages. Sar or Shar means King and it is perhaps a basic derivation of the later forms of Shah, Czar, etc., which have persisted as titles of kings. "Sharukinu" is this kinu perhaps a Sumerian form of Cain? Genesis 4:17 tells us that Cain built the city and called it Enoch. Sargon built a city at that place, which he called in their language "Unuk," a slight variation due to the difference in languages. The early bricks of this city had stamped on them - that is moulded - the name "Unuk." In the latter Akkadian Babylonian it was called Erech, but in the early Sumerian it was Unuk. This Sargon created a very phenomenal empire; he finally established his capital city at Akkad. His own records show the remarkable size of it; his empire extended from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean (and there is good reason to believe it even extended to the Atlantic). In at least one of these expeditions he says he crossed the sea and brought back loot from conquered lands. He brought cedar beams from the mountains of Lebanon for his temples. We know definitely that his expeditions into the Mediterranean included the islands of Cyprus and Crete. Very clear traces of his early Babylonian culture are found on the island of Crete. For example, the tiles and sewer drainage system found in the cities of Phara and Knossos on Crete are exactly like that of Nippur in Akkad. In Crete, a cylinder seal inscribed with the name of Sargon's son or grandson, Naram Sin, was found. Babylonian inscribed clay cylinder records have been found in the Cretan tombs. In the ruins of the palace of Knossos, there is a rather elaborate alabaster coffer with the name of Cain carved in the lid of it. And also there was found an immense bronze sword with a golden hilt, of very beautiful workmanship, larger than any other ancient sword ever found, which might possibly have been his.

The Bible tells us that Cain founded this city, the name of the city Enoch, after his son, and the Sumerian records of the city of Unuk and Akkad show that Sargon the First founded the city and called it in Sumerian, Unuk. Sargon the First called these Sumerians "black heads." Whether that meant a dark complexion or merely refers to a brunette people as distinguished from the blond we do not know. We do not have sufficient records. But Sargon's own records, in our museums today, show that he conducted raids on nations to the east, certainly at least into Media, and quite possibly going back to pick up some of his own people from the Tarim basin region. They show that he deported captured populations to make cities that he founded in the regions of Akkad. In one of his records he states "5,400 men daily eat bread before me", the courtiers and servants of his palace. He divided his empire, which extended from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean, into districts, which were ten hours' march across, and each was governed by one of "the sons of his palace," as he called them. One of his inscriptions says: "For forty-five years the kingdom I have ruled and the black heads I have governed. In multitudes of bronze chariots I rode over rugged lands. I governed the upper country (that would be Akkad). Three times to the Great Sea I advanced."

We know that he had a very high degree of civilisation but a high degree of civilisation does not always imply a high degree of morality; but, so far as civilisation is expressed in the arts and sciences, and that sort of thing, they had it. Their art advanced to a degree greater than was found anywhere else in ancient times.

Two cylinder seals of his time are among the most beautiful specimens of jewel engraving ever known. Evidently they did not have the secret of making paper, or if they did, they knew how perishable it was. They may have put some documents on parchment, but in the main they used this beautiful clay that they had to make thin tiles or tablets of clay. While it was still moist and soft they wrote upon the clay. Then the signature was in the form of a seal. Each man of importance had his own seal. These were in the form of a little cylinder. Back in Sargon's day, so far as we can judge by some specimens found, they were usually about the diameter of a lead pencil. We do not mean the lead, but the wood that it is made of and would run from half or 5/8 of an inch in length to perhaps 3/4 of an inch.

The most beautiful of these ancient seals, which goes back to the time of Naram Sin, is approximately 1/4 inch in diameter by 5/8 of an inch long. The engraving of the design on it is the most beautiful ever seen in jewel engraving. It was obviously done under a magnifying glass, because the details on it are so tiny and so perfect. When this seal was rolled across the wet clay, it moulded an impression of the design on the seal into the clay.

Have you ever noticed signet rings in jewellery store windows, which have an engraved jewel with an initial engraved in them; carnelian or some such stones? You will not find, in any jewellery store today, as perfect jewel engraving as was characteristic of this ancient empire of Sargon or Cain. Roads connected the principal cities; there was also a postal service. In those days, to send a letter, they would first make one of these clay tablets, write the message on it while it was wet, dry it out, and burn it hard in the kiln. Then they would coat it again with wet clay for an envelope, write the address upon that and again burn it hard in the kiln. Delivered to the person to whom it was written, he would then break off this outer shell, and within was the letter sent to him. Today, in Le Louvre Museum in Paris, can be found some of these ancient letters, bearing a clay seal upon them as well as another lump of clay with a special seal design, which constituted the postage stamp, showing that postage had been paid for the carrying of this letter back to this empire of Sargon the Magnificent. No doubt bronze and possibly iron were in use in that day, for weapons and other implements. Bronze would serve well for swords, but not for engraving tools. There was no known way to sufficiently harden copper or bronze to do that. Only within the last 35 years or so, has such a way been discovered. If they were good enough metallurgists to learn to make carving chisels out of copper or bronze, we can give them credit for that. Otherwise, they must have used hardened steel. 6,000 years of rust would have taken their toll of any iron or steel implements in that time. Babylonian art was, at this time, more highly developed than at any later time. When people tell you there has been a gradual evolution, that man climbed out of the trees, lost his tail, began as the lowest form of savage and gradually worked up by degrees into civilisation, they do not know what they are talking about. They are theorising, and the only existing evidence is to the contrary. As far back as anything can be traced, there will be found existing side by side at the same time, high and brilliant civilisations and low and ignorant savagery. We have exactly the same scenario in the United States today in the inner cities and surrounding suburbs -existing at the very same time, in the same country - and this does not mean that we evolved from what is in the inner cities or Africa. Belshazzar was the man who was running the city of Babylon at the time of its fall to the Medes and Persians. His father, Nabonidus, was an oddity for ancient kings. Usually they were military conquerors, people interested only in how many people they could kill or enslave, and how much loot they could steal. Instead, Nabonidus was a scholar, particularly an archaeologist and antiquarian. In fact, he became so deeply interested in it that during his lifetime he turned over all the authority and responsibility of running Babylon to his son, Belshazzar, who was a worthless, drunken wastrel. Had he turned it over to his daughter Belshatti, who was brilliant, Babylon might possibly have had a different fate. Under Belshazzar it reached that degree of rottenness where it fell from its own internal corruption. Nabonidus made a hobby of going to the sites of the ancient cities and digging down to find the sites of their early temples and other public buildings, and in those cities, which were still existent, find and restore their earliest temples. One of his records in our museums today says that he had restored the temple of the Sun at Sippar. Sippar, meaning book town, from its enormous libraries, is another name for the city of Akkad, which was founded by Sargon the First.

He said that he had restored the Temple of the Sun, and in digging down to uncover the foundation, he had uncovered the cornerstone laid by Naram Sin," which none of my ancestors, the kings of Babylon, had seen for 3200 years." Taking his own time for this, probably in the neighbourhood of 550B.C., add 3200 more to it, takes one back to 3700 B.C., as the probable time when this temple had fallen into such ruin that this foundation stone was totally covered up. This dates back to the time of Naram Sin, who was the son, or possibly grandson, of Sargon, whom we can identify as Cain. Incidentally, this very same foundation cornerstone, with the inscription showing that it was founded by Naram Sin, is now in the Museum at Yale University. God was not with Cain; all through these centuries Satan and Satan's children and followers have done remarkable things, if you do not include morality as any part of it. They founded big and brutal empires; they have enslaved many people; they have stolen lots of property; they were important while they lasted, until their own moral rottenness brought everything down with a crash. There were lots of these empires; they were important, if you do not include goodness, or morality, in the sense not only of sexual morality, but honesty and loyalty to God. If you do not include these as a requirement of greatness, then a lot of these Satanic empires had greatness of a sort. But God was never with Cain; He did not inflict the death penalty on him immediately; He drove him out so he would not be there to associate with and pollute the rest of Adam's descendants. But, for the rest of this immorality and degeneracy, it is merely what you find among the followers and children, and we do mean "children," of Satan.

We have another clue, or series of clues, to indicate that Sargon was Cain. We find this in the pagan religion that he founded. The records show that the earliest forms of Babylonian religion were monotheistic. They believed in one God, whether it was the God we know, we are not sure; but at least they had a god, and not a multiplicity of them. Their religion contained a rather garbled, but still recognisable version of the story of creation, as given in the first chapter of Genesis. But about the time of Sargon there developed polytheism - pagan gods. The three chief ones were Anu, Eia and one whose name sometimes appears as Enlil, sometimes Mullil. By the myths told about these gods, you can identify and determine the origin of each god. The myths about them would identify Anu as being Adam, Eia as Eve and Mullil or Enill as Satan. Those are recognisable in these myths.

Later Mullil becomes Bel or Baal, who was the chief god of Babylon, and indeed became the most important of the pagan gods, from there to the west, clear to the Mediterranean coast. The pagan priests garbled things somewhat in their legends, possibly intentionally. In a few of them Eia is represented as male, but most of these legends have Eia as a goddess, identifiable from these myths as being Eve. Legends about the early form of Eia are exactly the same as the later legends about Ishtar. So Cain had carried in his own remembrance the occurrences in his own early life and then had decided to make gods of Adam, Eve and Satan.

During Sargon's own time he was not deified; he founded pagan Satan worship but he did not promote himself up to the top. Later he was deified and there are a few inscriptions that say, "Sargon is my god." It is natural that among pagans he should become a patron god of Babylon. Babylon's patron god, whose name appears in your King James Version, usually as Merodach, although Mardach would be a more accurate translation, is derived from Marad which means "to rebel" and Cain was indeed a rebel. He is called in their legends the first born of Eia. Other legends say he was the eldest son of Ishtar and Anu was his father. Cain was the firstborn of Eve. Merodach is the god of agriculture and Cain was a tiller of the soil, whereas Abel was primarily a herdsman. The legends say that Merodach brought order out of chaos by separating land from water and founding homes for men. We say that Sargon, or Cain, reigned in this lower swamp landand directed the building of the dikes and drainage canals that separated the waters from the land, enough so they could build more permanent cities.

I John 3:12 recognises that Cain was a son of the evil one. The King James Version does not use the word "son" because the translators had to meet accepted doctrine; so it says (in verse 12), "Not as Cain who was of that wicked one, and slew his brother." If you will turn to the third chapter of the Gospel of Luke, you will find that it gives the genealogy of Christ. It starts with Christ and works backwards to Adam. As you know, where you find words printed in italic type, these are words added by the translators, which were not actually written in the original languages and manuscripts because they were implied or understood in those languages. The English does not imply it, and therefore to make the English idiom conform to the idiom of the Greek or the Hebrew the translators have supplied the words in English which were understood in the earlier languages and they appear in italics.

Take your King James Version of the Bible and look up the genealogy of Christ in Luke 3. It begins in verse 23:- "And Jesus himself began to be about thirty years of age, being (as was supposed) the son of Joseph, which was the son of Heli, which was the son of Matthat, which was the son of Levi, which was the son of Melchi," and so on down through verse after verse. Note that beginning with "the son of Heli" the words "the son" are in italic type, indicating they were not written out in the Greek. In other words, if you were to say, "John was of William" it meant in the Greek idiom "John was ‘the son' of William." We have heard people try to deny this idiom in I John 3:12, relative to Cain, stating it meant merely that Cain was morally bad, like the evil one, not referring to any father and son relationship. If that be a true translation of the Greek and only referring to morality, let us apply it to Luke and see if it is correct. We do not think that they developed a completely new and different Greek language between the writing of the Gospel according to Luke and the First Epistle of John. Would it make sense to say Joseph, who was morally no better than Heli, who was just as bad as Matthat? Of course not! In the First Epistle of John, it is the very same Greek language, and it says "Cain, who was of that wicked one." As a matter of fact, if you will take time to look it up in Weymouth's Modern English Translation, you will find that he translates it correctly as "Cain, who was a child of the evil one". Furthermore if you will look up the fifth chapter of Genesis, which gives the descendants of Adam, you will find that it nowhere lists Cain among them. With monotonous regularity the Bible says so-and-so begat who zis and who zis begat such-and-such, and so forth, verse after verse. One cannot find any place in the Bible where it says that Adam begat Cain, because he did not. The first time it says Adam begat ANYONE is in the fifth chapter of Genesis, verse 3: "Adam lived an hundred and thirty years, and BEGAT a son in his own likeness, after his image; and called his name Seth."

People like to bring up verse one of Genesis chapter four, and try to make it mean something it does not say, "And Adam knew Eve his wife; and she conceived, and bare Cain." The Bible records things that happen, but it does not once say that there was a curse in sex relationship. We can tell you with absolute truth, that upon a certain evening we went to a movie and the following morning the sun rose in the east. We could prove it by witnesses but we did not say that the fact that we went to the movie was the thing that caused the sun to rise in the east. It is very true that Adam and Eve had intercourse and it is very true that Eve bore Cain. But it is not true that Cain was the son of Adam and the Bible does not anywhere say that Cain was a son of Adam, neither does it say that Abel was a son of Adam either. One of the ancient Akkadian inscriptions about Sargon says, "The divine Sargon, the illustrious king, a son of Bel the Just, the King of Akkad and of the children of Bel." Bel, or Baal, was a later form of this obviously deified Satan, known in the earliest forms as Mullil or Enlil. Here they recognise that Sargon was a son of him whom we know to be Satan. Other legends of Sargon's origin say that he was adopted by Akki and raised as a gardener. The basic root of Akki is found in the Hebrew word Nachash; Naka,the Egyptian word for serpent; Naga, the Hindu word for serpent, particularly serpent god; Ahhi, a serpent water god; Arriman, the Persian devil, source of all evil. Cain was a tiller of the soil; Sargon was raised as a Gardener. One of Sargon's own inscriptions found in our museums today, says, "While I was a Gardener Ishtar loved me." Yes, he was still near the Garden of Eden; not in the Garden, but in the same part of the world to which Adam and Eve had gone. So, one can identify the Cain of the Bible as an actual historical character, the records of whose own kingdom are in our museums today.

To further convince the sceptic, we can carry it a little further; Sargon's own records show that at least three times he went to the Great Sea and at least once he crossed it. What was that "Great Sea?" There are indications that it was the Atlantic, because in Central and South America there are legends, in their mythology, which cannot be accounted for on any basis except that they were brought over there by someone who knew the early mythology of Sargon's time. In turn, we find in the Babylonian religion the use of certain words and phrases that are Mayan. The story of the worship of Cain appears among the Mayas of Yucatan and the Quichis of Guatemala. The Mayas claim that their kingdom was founded by a King Can and "Can" means "serpent" in their Mayan language. A change from Cain to Can, from one language to another, is very small. (Notice what we do today in our modern languages; the name in English we call William is in French Guillaume; in German it is Wilhelm; in Italian it is Guglielmo. We make more change from one language to another today with the same word than they did in those days). There was a family of seven; the father, the mother and five children. Their serpent king, his wife and children were symbolised by a seven-headed serpent. Incidentally, that same emblem of the seven-headed serpent is worshipped today in India, in Indochina and in Siam or Thailand, as it is known today.

This person who came and brought them this form of worship was deified in their legends as Quetzalcoatl, the feathered serpent, a serpent having feathers instead of scales. Their legends say that out of the east, on white-winged ships, came white men who taught these Mayans their civilisation, and finally sailed away back to the east on these white-winged ships, saying, "Some day we will return."

Since then, these people have worshiped Quetzalcoatl, the feathered serpent as their god, the white man who taught them their civilisation. A very interesting bit of more recent history is that when Cortez landed on the shore of Mexico, he was received with relatively little hostility. Out of the East, in white sailed ships, came white men. He was greeted joyously and with friendship; he had practically no difficulty marching on up to Montezuma's capital city, Mexico City, where he was greeted with reverence and friendship. In the minds of the people, this was the promised return of Quetzalcoatl. We know, of course, that Cortez was nothing but a thief and a murderer, coming in search of loot. Evidently the prisons of Spain had been emptied of the worst cut-throats to provide him with soldiers, because they were out to steal what they could get. They were accompanied, of course, by a couple of Spanish Catholic Priests, seeking their share for the mother church. It is a matter of record in their report that on one of the pagan festival days these priests wandered into one of these pagan temples in Mexico City and observed the pagan priests putting on a Catholic mass, perfect in every detail, except it was not spoken in Latin. So the Catholic priests stormed out in a furious rage, saying, "These pagans are mocking us." They incited the soldiers to a general massacre of the inhabitants, promising them, in advance, absolution for all the murders, rapes and other crimes they might commit in the process. What these Catholics did not know was the fact that they got their ceremonies from the same ancient source, as did the Mayas. That is a very interesting study. If you want to trace it in greater detail, get Hyslop's book "The Two Babylons" and see the Babylonian origin of much of the Catholic rituals.

Among these people are ancient legends, which say that one of Can's sons, coveting the kingdom held by another of his sons, treacherously killed him by stabbing him in the back with a spear and took his kingdom - which is probably their version of the murder of Abel by Cain, even though garbled somewhat in being handed down through the centuries. The Incas of Peru were probably Mayan colonies, because the language of Peru, which was Quichua, shows their descent of the Quichis of Guatemala, who were a branch of the Mayan nation. Other events show how this culture was carried back and forth. In much of Central America, after the winter rains, comes the spring dry season. Then, there are summer rains. At the beginning of the month of May, at midnight, the Southern Cross Constellation stands exactly perpendicular above the southern horizon, right in the meridian, and shortly thereafter the next rainy season begins. The natives recognise this as a sign that rain is coming soon. The Cross was a very ancient symbol among all nations. The form, in which we have it in Christianity today, with the cross bar going below the top of the vertical post, is a much later form. The earlier form of the cross was the Tau Cross, with the cross bar just resting on top of the vertical bar. This cross is found in Egyptian records, as far back as you can find anything in Egypt. The very name Tau is derived from Mayan. T-A-U means literally "herewater month." In other words, when this Southern Cross Constellation stood exactly vertical above the southern horizon, right on the Meridian, it indicated the beginning of the water month; the month when the rains would start.

The month of May is named from Maia, the Goddess, the Good Dame, the Mother of the gods. If one investigates the Catholic religion, one will find The Feast of the Adoration of the Holy Cross is held on May 3, beginning of the water month. It is the day also consecrated particularly to the Mother of God, The Good Lady. In other words, straight out of Babylonian and Mayan paganism, which again we can trace to its source, in its beginning with Cain or Sargon.

The Feast of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist is June 24; in ancient Chaldea, this was the first day of the month of Tammuz, named after their pagan god, Tammuz, who was the same as Nimrod or Bacchus, the god of pagan drunken debauchery; a great pagan day. Among the ancients, the day began, not at midnight as it does among us, but at sunset. So, the Catholic celebrates the Nativity of St. John, beginning with St. John's Eve, the night of June 23rd. Where do they get it? In Hebrew, the name, which we have anglicised as John, is Johannes and one of the names given to Bacchus was Oannes. Put a "Y" in front of that Oannes, and you have Joannes. How similar they are!

The pagans believed that on the rebirth of Bacchus, he came out of the sea as Oannes, probably again identifying him with their fish god, Dagon. Have you ever wondered, when you read the Book of Jonah, how it was that Jonah could go among these pagans and be believed, when the Hebrew prophets had such a hard time convincing anyone among their own people? God told him to go to Nineveh and tell the people that if they did not speedily reform, He was going to destroy them and their city. Jonah, being a good patriotic Hebrew, no doubt said "Nothing doing: I know what those people do to us in their wars. I'm not going to save them. Let them be killed off." so he took off (for England?), and you know the rest. The storm came up; and he was thrown overboard, picked up by a "great fish" and delivered back to dry land. Quite a remarkable thing, the news of which would be carried quickly into the city of Nineveh, which worshipped, among other gods, the fish god Dagon. Here comes Jonah, delivered right out of the fish's mouth. To the people of Nineveh, this was evidence of authenticity, and they were ready to listen to him. While no Hebrew prophet ever received that sudden reform in any Hebrew city, Jonah got swift results there in Nineveh, merely because they mistook who he was and where he came from!

Bacchus was the same as Tammuz, who also had the name Oannes. The beginning of the month of Tammus or Oannes was June 24th. The writings of the early Christian fathers show that Christianity was not making extremely rapid headway. They were making some converts but so were the pagan religions. Unfortunately many churches fall into the hands of those who have a talent, which is good when kept in its proper place, namely, the organisers. Rarely does a great talent for organisation go with a great appreciation of the Word of God. To the organiser, there is something in numbers. His concern is "Why isn't the church big?"

In the Catholic Church you have some Popes who felt the need of making more rapid progress in the way of numbers. Finally, Pope Gregory the Great said, "The trouble is, we are making it too hard for pagans to join the church. We emphasise the differences between the pagan religions and Christianity. They have to abandon everything they believe in order to join us. The way to recruit them in big numbers is not to talk about the differences but talk about the similarities. It is an easy transition. That way we'll get them in, in big numbers." Of course, you know what he did. He did not Christianise the pagans but he paganised the Christians because he took over as many as possible of the pagan holidays and so on so that the pagans would feel quite at home in joining the Catholic Church.

This is a matter of church record and history. The writings of many of the early Christian Fathers complained bitterly about these things, pointing out how much more loyal to their own religion the pagans were then the Christians because the pagans would not adopt any Christian holidays whereas the Christians were adopting pagan holidays and rituals. Here the Catholic Church took over the day of Oannes and to give it some standing in the Church, said, "Oh, it is the day of Johannes, John the Baptist."

This was six months before the mid-winter holiday December 25th, which they had falsely taken over as the alleged birthday of Christ. You can trace the worship of the day of the rebirth of the Sun, December 25th, to at least 2000 years B.C., and there is the clearest evidence in the Bible that Christ was not born anywhere close to December. The shepherds were out in the fields with their sheep. Christ was born only a few miles from Jerusalem, just a moderate walk away from it. The high ridge areas, where the shepherds were, extended 2,500-2,600 feet in elevation. They would get some snowfall in the winter. There the weather becomes distinctly cold and the shepherds do not leave their sheep out in the fields, or stay out with them in the winter, and never did. Their sheep are penned up at home, and the shepherds are in around the fire where it is warm. You can, of course, pretty well establish the birthday of Christ as October 4th, if you do not want to accept a pagan holiday in preference to it.

So, the Catholics, having decided that they should and how they could get more pagans into the fold, adopted the birthday of the invincible sun as the alleged birthday of Christ. They further decided that since John the Baptist, as the Bible states, was born six months earlier and as Oannes' or Johannes' Day also fell six months earlier, the leaders of the Church Hierarchy said, "Fine, we will name that after John the Baptist." This they did; and they accomplished their purpose.

From all this, you can see that we can trace Cain, a real person known to history under the name of Sargon, even to Central and South America. Cain is no myth!

We trust this study will enable you to answer, without any doubt, "What happened to Cain?"

Of the beasts of the field, and of the fishes of the sea and of all foods that are acceptable in my sight you may eat, but not in the living room. Of the hoofed animals, broiled or ground into burgers, you may eat, but not in the living room. Of the cloven-hoofed animal, plain or with cheese, you may eat, but not in the living room. Of the cereal grains, of the corn and of the wheat and of the oats, and of all the cereals that are of bright colour and unknown provenance you may eat, but not in the living room. Of frozen dessert and of all frozen after-meal treats you may eat, but absolutely not in the living room. Of the juices and other beverages, yes, even of those in plastic cups, you may drink but not in the living room neither may you carry such therein. Indeed, when you reach the place where the living room carpet begins, of any food or beverage there you may not eat, neither may you drink. But if you are sick, and are lying down and watching something, then may you eat in the living room.

And if you are seated in your high chair, or in a chair such as a greater person might use, keep your legs and feet below you as they were. Neither raise up your knees, nor place your feet upon the table, for that is an abomination to me. Yes, even when you have an interesting bandage to show, your feet upon the table are an abomination, and worthy of rebuke. Drink your milk as it is given you, neither use on it any utensils, nor fork, nor knife, nor spoon, for that is not what they are for. If you will dip your blocks in the milk, and lick it off, you will be sent away. When you have drunk, let the empty cup then remain upon the table, and do not bite it upon its edge and by your teeth hold it to your face in order to make noises in it sounding like a duck: for you will be sent away. When you chew your food, keep your mouth closed until you have swallowed and do not open it to show your brother or your sister what is within; I say to you, do not so, even if your brother or your sister has done the same to you. Eat your food only; do not eat that which is not food; neither seize the table between your jaws, nor use the raiment of the table to wipe your lips. I say again to you, do not touch it, but leave it as it is. And though your stick of carrot does indeed resemble a marker, draw not with it upon the table, even in pretend, for we do not do that, that is why. And though the pieces of broccoli are very like small trees, do not stand them upright to make a forest, because we do not do that, that is why. Sit just as I have told you, and do not lean to one side or the other nor slide down until you are nearly slid away. Heed me; for if you sit like that, your hair will go into the syrup. And now behold, even as I have said, it has come to pass.

For we judge between the plate that is unclean and the plate that is clean, saying first, if the plate is clean, then you shall have dessert. But of the unclean plate, the laws are these: If you have eaten most of your meat and two bites of your peas, with each bite consisting of not less than three peas each, or in total six peas, eaten where I can see, and you have also eaten enough of your potatoes to fill two forks, both forkfuls eaten where I can see, then you shall have dessert. But if you eat a lesser number of peas, and yet you eat the potatoes, still you shall not have dessert; and if you eat the peas, yet leave the potatoes uneaten, you shall not have dessert, no, not even a small portion thereof. And if you try to deceive by moving the potatoes or peas around with a fork, that it may appear you have eaten what you have not, you will fall into iniquity. And I will know, and you shall have no dessert.

Do not scream; for it is as if you scream all the time. If you are given a plate on which two foods you do not wish to touch each other, are touching each other and your voice rises up even to the ceiling, while you point to the offense with the finger of your right hand, I say to you, scream not, only remonstrate gently with the server, that the server may correct the fault. Likewise if you receive a portion of fish from which every piece of herbal seasoning has not been scraped off, and the herbal seasoning is loathsome to you and steeped in vileness, again I say, refrain from screaming. Though the vileness overwhelm you and cause you a faint unto death, make not that sound from within your throat, neither cover your face, nor press your fingers to your nose. For even I have made the fish, as it should be. Behold, I eat it myself, yet do not die.

Cast your countenance upward to the light, and lift your eyes to the hills, that I may more easily wash you off. For the stains are upon you; even to the very back of your head, there is rice thereon. And in the breast pocket of your garment, and upon the tie of your shoe, rice and other fragments are distributed in a manner wonderful to see. Only hold yourself still; hold still, I say. Give each finger in its turn for my examination thereof, and also each thumb. Lo, how iniquitous they appear. What I do is as it must be; and you shall not go hence until I have done.

Bite not, lest you be cast into quiet time. Neither drink of your own bath water, nor of the bath water of any kind; nor rub your feet on bread, even if it be in the package; nor rub yourself against cars, not against any building; nor eat sand. Leave the cat alone, for what has the cat done, that you should so afflict it with tape? And hum not the humming in your nose as I read, nor stand between the light and the book. Indeed, you will drive me to madness. Nor forget what I said about the tape.

I WILL LIFT MY EYES TO THE HILLS	*ALL TITLES BY* *PASTOR ALAN CAMPBELL*
THE WILDERNESS
LET US
COULD YOU NOT TARRY ONE HOUR?
THE TRUTH ABOUT THE DRUMCREE STAND-OFF
THE 1798 UPRISING - ITS LESSONS FOR ULSTER TODAY
CRISIS IN THE ORIENT - THE ASIAN TIGER MELTDOWN

"KINGDOM GOSPEL SERVICES"

WEDNESDAYS AT 8.00 p.m.

CREGAGH S.C. HALL

(JUNCTION OF CREGAGH ROAD/DOWNSHIRE PARK CENTRAL)

PORTADOWN	TOWN HALL - MONDAY AT 8.00 p.m. 21^st SEPTEMBER
NEWTOWNARDS	MILL STREET COMMUNITY CENTRE FRIDAY AT 8.00 p.m. 18^th SEPTEMBER
NEWCASTLE	ORANGE HALL - SATURDAY AT 8.00 p.m. 5^th SEPTEMBER
NEWTOWNABBEY (RATHCOOLE)	CREDIT UNION HALL, DOAGH ROAD TUESDAY AT 8.00 p.m. 15^th SEPTEMBER
ARMAGH	MARANATHA CHURCH, BARRACK HILL SUNDAY 26^th SEPTEMBER AT 6.30 p.m. MONDAY 27^th SEPTEMBER AT 8.00 p.m.

KEADY - APPRENTICE BOYS OF DERRY

PARADE TO AND SERVICE AT

THE ORANGE HALL

SSUNDAY 6^th SEPTEMBER - 3.00 p.m.

SOUTH WEST ENGLAND - RALLY

SATURDAY 19^th SEPTEMBER - 2.30 p.m.

COMMUNITY CENTRE - WHITE HART LANE - WELLINGTON

SPEAKER AT BOTH: PASTOR ALAN CAMPBELL

We were saddened to learn of the death of Sam Eccles of Broughshane in mid August. Mr. Eccles was a stalwart for the Gospel of the Kingdom and a faithful witness in the Ballymena area, where despite advancing years and increasing ill health, he continued to send out our tapes and literature. He was able to worship with us at a meeting in Portglenone just a few weeks ago and his encouraging words and presence will be sadly missed. We extend our sincere sympathy to his dear wife, Mary, son Gordon, brother Thompson and all the family circle.